Opines that the increase in juvenile murders will spur renewed interest in executing teens or locking them away for the rest of their lives. endobj Explains that general criminological theory suggests that offenders are themselves victims of mental and societal ills and that a reduction in crime will benefit both victims and offender. 31 0 obj Explains that death penalty supporters claim that even if it were not a deterrent to crime, it should still be the penalty for first degree murder. Child Rights Act The Child Rights Act is Nigerias most comprehensive piece of legislation addressing all matters pertaining to children. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 22 0 obj Narrates how they were arrested by police and thrown into a cell. In Nigeria, we have Courts of General Criminal Jurisdiction and Courts of Special Criminal Jurisdiction. Describes the contents of the american civil liberties union freedom network, capital punishment, and the death penalty. There, however, exist other courts in Nigeria which include: The election tribunal court is divided into two parts: Presidential Election Tribunal: this tribunal hears and determines petition arising from any presidential election. WebJUVENILE JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: A CALL FOR REFORM was written by (NAME IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS AND IN BOLD) with Matriculation Number (MATRICULATION NUMBER IN CAPITAL LETTERS AND IN BOLD) under my supervision in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Laws LL.B (Hons) during the 1970's due to questions concerning its fairness (Flanders 50). Opines that heroin is plentiful but won't show up as readily on a drug test. endstream Data are presented to discuss the current status of juvenile delinquency in Nigeria and the appropriateness of applying Western theories of delinquency causation to the Nigerian experience. Many death penalty proponents feel that the death penalty reduces crime because it deters, imprisoning debtors, delinquent juveniles, minor misdemeanant, and endobj Appeals cannot come from a court other than a customary court or a local court. Explains that the aid temperature rose as high as 123 degrees fahrenheit. Explains that prisons are institutions that place physical confined for individuals who have been charged with a criminal offense. the most severe punishment of individuals is death penalty. Opines that mental illness is the latest death penalty issue at supreme court. The Code of Conduct Tribunal (CCT) consists of a chairman and two other members. journal of correctional education. According to Section 30 of the Criminal Code Act, there are only two circumstances in which a child under the age of 11 cannot be deemed legally guilty or responsible; : In the Nigerian case of Labinjo v. Abake[1], the Court held that a person under the age of 21 is a minor and therefore lacks the capacity for contractual obligations. The term of office of the CCT chairman and members expires at the age of 70. commonly applied in other nations. <>stream It is a court of coordinate jurisdiction with the Federal High Court and the National Industrial Court. h.11. The Children and Young Persons Act (the law) was primarily passed to create provisions for the welfare of the young and the treatment of young offenders, and for the formation of juvenile Courts., Legal Framework for Juvenile Sentencing and Punishment in Nigeria, A sentence of the Court can be defined as a punishment on a defendant once a criminal trial is concluded and a guilty verdict has been rendered. It is chaired by a judge whose title is: President of the State / FCT Customary Appeal Court and is assisted by other judges. The method that more traditional societies such as those in Nigeria use in handling juvenile offenders may help in dealing with similar offenders in more advanced countries. Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen) which executes people Despite the Muhammadu Buhari government implemented minimum wage for the civil servants in the federation coppers but up to date Nigeria, like Sudan, is almost evenly split into a predominantly Muslim North and a Christian South. The model was soon adopted in other countries such as Canada and Great Britain (1908), France (1912), Russia (1918), Poland (1919), Japan (1922), and Germany (1923). At all stages of the juvenile court process, there is an overrepresentation of black youths in relation to their representation in the population at large. Epub 2020 Dec 5. The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice of Nigeria. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. religious tolerance. stream His lordship had his basic education in the Eastern part of Nigeria and got his LLB in University of Ife (Now Obafemi Awolowo University). Explains that in respect of non-muslim prisoners, a person nominated by any religious association which is lawfully registered. Children are also subject to specialized laws, procedures, and policies designed to protect their interests when parents or other legal guardians are unavailable, negligent, or involved in custodial disputes. Explains that this act has made a large impact on the legislation in nigeria dealing with juveniles. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Each of the State High Court is headed by a Chief Judge. Explains that the real crime is the penalty, which can be extended if a judge finds the person likely to commit the crime upon. Explains haag, ernest van den, "the ultimate punishment: a defense". They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Argues that if criminals cannot rationalize their actions, the death penalty can have no effect on the decisions of future offenders. Explains robinson, bruce a., "capital punishment; the death penalty". Explains that the high price of execution is most deeply felt in the counties responsible for both prosecution and defense of capital defendants. Regarding the specific laws in Nigeria that govern the punishment of juvenile offenders, Sections 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the Children and Young Persons Act deal with the punishment of children and young people who break the law. The court is established by the House of Assembly. The Debate of Reinstating Capital Punishment in Britain, The Costs of the Death Penalty in the United States, Capital Punishment Essay - The Death Penalty in the United States Argumentative Persuasive Essays, The Development and Provison of Prison Library for Juvenile. Making prison libraries visible, The Nigeria Juvenile Justice System In Nigeria. The Sharia Court of Appeal is a Court of appeal recognized by the Nigerian government. xS* In 1993, while only 15% of the juvenile population was black, black youths were involved in 28% of all arrests and 50% of all violent crime arrests. the irreversible death sentence requires courts to follow heightened due process in the preparation and course of the trial. Narrates how the state was forced to lay off workers after imposing the death penalty. Describes audi's views on the seperation of church and state and the obligations of citizenship in philosophy and public affairs. Under no circumstances may the board of directors regulate or operate a daily courthouse, per the law. Opines that prisoner books of religious observance and instruction or any other religious articles recognised for his denomination shall be available for personal use. Padgaonkar NT, Baker AE, Dapretto M, Galvn A, Frick PJ, Steinberg L, Cauffman E. J Res Adolesc. endobj x+ | jurors. 0000005957 00000 n Explains that there are conflicting views in terms of religion and the death penalty. And any defect in competence is fatal, because the proceedings of the court are a nullity however well conducted. Web1 Afolabi Aina Street 100281 ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria Tel: 234-1-4933195 Fax: 234-1-4935339 e-mail: cleen@cleen.org. [5] Thus, the Family Court is vested with exclusive jurisdiction in matters relating to children. 10 0 obj <>stream national center for policy analysis, 14 ebruary 2004. Explains that the belief in murder is based on the assumption that it is only fair that if murder occurs. The unwavering belief in the benefits of welfare has been one of the defining traits of youth justice for a large portion of the 20th century. Disclaimer. endobj Explains that the death penalty is a controversial topic in the united states today and has been for years. It was established in accordance with Chapter C15 of the Code of Conduct Bureau Act and the 1999 Constitution. Educated prisoners are less likely to return to prison. In addition to these actions, which for adults constitute crime and delinquency for children, There are other behaviours that when exhibited by children and young people, are considered delinquent even though they do not qualify as crimes for adults. much debate continues in the us as to whether it constitutes an appropriate punishment. Explains that juvenile delinquency is prevalent in the criminal justice system in nigeria. Explains that in nigeria, children are protected under the child's right act. 0000005819 00000 n endobj % xS*BC \@:@(6636V033Q Laws Applicable to Juvenile Sentencing in Nigeria. However, there are several constraints and limitations on the nature and manner of punishments that can be imposed on juvenile offenders due to various stipulations in various Nigerian laws. Growing public concern about the rise in violent juvenile crime is borne out by increases in the juvenile court's caseload, which rose 23% between 1989 and 1993. endobj national bureau of economic research. The death penalty began to be reinstated slowly, but the rate of executions endstream in texas and north carolina, it costs over $2 million per execution. Washington, DC 20008 Tel: (202) 775-8400 Fax: (202) 775-1385 Internet: nigeriaembassyusa.org . The influence of neuroscience on US Supreme Court decisions about adolescents' criminal culpability. both sides seem to be able to crunch the numbers and make strong, if somewhat wrong, arguments. Equally precarious is the countrys unsustainable debt profile. Explains amnesty international's "the death penalty: questions and answers". Washburn JJ, Teplin LA, Voss LS, Simon CD, Abram KM, McClelland GM. 2013 Jul;14(7):513-8. doi: 10.1038/nrn3509. Explains that the greatest concern expressed by opponents of capital punishment is that innocent people can be executed. endobj endstream they also have serious doubts about the fairness of the imposing of death sentences. (UZsi{Z ,-b4Mb45C\C :> Today, there are generally five methods of execution used in the US. 25 0 obj R A Juvenile is a term that can be used to refer to a child, minor, or young adult. Opines that the death penalty legitimizes an irreversible act of violence by the state and has inevitably claimed innocent victims. Importantly, the Childs Right Act established a child justice administration system for the administration of juvenile justice. Welfare in youth justice is predicated on the idea that rather than punishing young peoples actions, intervention should be based on satisfying their needs. Opines that capital punishment and mental retardation are international human rights law. the us is one of six countries which executes people who were under 18 years-old at the time of their crimes. Explains that juveniles can be tried in one of three ways: concurrent jurisdiction, excluded offenses, judicial waiver, and mandatory waivers to adult court. An official website of the United States government. learning disabilities and delinquency : a study of israelis. Its appeal jurisdiction does not extend to the appeal of the district court. %PDF-1.3 % 8600 Rockville Pike Explains the race of death row inmates executed since 1976. death penalty information center, 4 february 2004. The Court of Appeal ranks second among Nigerian courts, and second only to the Supreme Court. By Omolade Animashaun, Associate at Resolution Law Firm, Khashoggi: Turkish court expands list of Saudis charged with murder, APC urgently requires experienced party managers, PDP Rejects Scheme, Says It Is Politically Motivated Channels Television. Hanging, the gas chamber, lethal injection, the electric chair and the firing squad are all used, some notably less than others. Prisoners were Cites the u.s. census bureau's the black population in the united states: march 2002. Opines that the burden of capital punishment falls upon the poor, the ignorant, and the underprivileged members of society. x^}7=k;V3ejc\(LOdU~~dK_%yF"}2\&?o=16_kcbGw'?=m+tmOz5\qe1\g;yF~~U^iNzO~.rye.>~\yyO|d/I8'ZK> If the judgment of the lower court does not reflect justice in a case, the aggrieved party can appeal to the higher court to seek redress and justice. 2021 Jun;31(2):317-334. doi: 10.1111/jora.12599. The definition of juvenile delinquency encompasses criminal offenses committed by persons between the ages of 7 and 17; status offenses are excluded. WebAlmost all juveniles commit at least one delinquent act before turning 18, but most are never arrested. It is not based on age limit, but more of the responsibility and the circumstances of the Reasons for care proceedings can include neglect or assault by parents, but they always stem from the fact that the juvenile has committed an offense. endobj Analyzes king, michael's article, "execution vs. treating the ill". endobj No individual shall be sentenced to imprisonment, according to Subsection (2), if he can be properly dealt with in any other way, whether by probation, fine, corporal punishment, committal to a place of detention or to an approved institution or otherwise. A young person who has been ordered to serve a prison sentence is not permitted to interact with adults, according to Subsection (3). JUVENILE COURTS Juvenile courts are established pursuant to the Children and Young Persons Laws of the various States of the Federation. A juvenile is a person A common feature of these reforms is the strengthening of diversion programmes. This article follows those youths who are arrested on the pathway through the juvenile justice system. There are a number of arguments in favor of the death penalty. Explains that a library shall be provided in every prison, and subject to these regulations and to such conditions as the director general may determine, each prisoner shall have library books and exchange them as often as practicable. Explains that the increasing number of teenagers involved in crime in malaysia in recent years is worrying. The United States Bureau of Prisons handles two hundred and thirty-nine juveniles and their average age is seventeen. In short, the advantages of the Nigerian court hierarchy include the doctrine of case law, which stipulates the judgment of the Higher Court is binding on the lower court. Describes the 40,500 people living in a city where guards can choose between accepting bribes or dying. In the famous case of MADUKOLU V NKEDILIM (1962), 2 SCNLR 341, the locus classicus case for jurisdiction in Nigeria, the Supreme Court held as follows: Before any court of law assumes jurisdiction so as to determine or adjudicate on a cause or matter, the court must be competent. It is ranked fifth in the Nigerian courts. Judges of the Supreme Court must be qualified to practice in Nigeria and have at least 15 years of qualifications. Nearly all offenses committed by children are tried in youth courts, though the courts are not bound to deal with extremely serious offenses such as robbery or rape. Touch bases on several smaller issues that contribute to juveniles being in and effects of adult prisons. endobj A supervision order can also include restrictive requirements prohibiting the juvenile from certain activities or a curfew in the form of a night restriction, a requirement to remain at home during the evening for a specified period. WebThe first juvenile court session Nigeria was held in Lagos sometime in the 1940's; it was another 10 years before juvenile courts were regularly convened in each of the country's In America, the word juvenile is used to define an age for a young person who commits a crime but in Nigeria there is no record or indication of the juvenile word on any documents that is used in the legislation.