201 0 obj <> endobj > F H E q Z- bjbjt+t+ E A A .) 1 These offenses are considered by the Department of Energy to pose a significant threat of death or serious bodily harm. In the Donovan case, the suspect lost control of his motorcycle and became airborne, crashing into the officer's vehicle, which was parked as part of an intercepting roadblock. The contrast between peace-support operations' ROEs and present law enforcement guidelines for use of deadly force is telling: Military ROE's, 1. Investigative Notes. Alpert, Geoffrey P., Smith, William C., (1994) How Reasonable is the Reasonable Man. In the Harris case, Officer Scott applied his police car's push bumper to the rear of the suspect's vehicle, causing the suspect vehicle to lose control and crash, resulting in the fleeing suspect being paralyzed from the waist down.[1]. Police agencies can help officers make better decisions in their use of deadly force by using three strategies: improving deadly force policies, training officers in survival physiology, and using dynamic training. Traditionally, intentional contact between vehicles has been characterized as unlawful deadly force, though some U.S. federal appellate cases have mitigated this precedent. However, if 10 officers arrive at a scene with only a single suspect, the public may perceive the situation as an excessive use of officer presence within the use of force continuum. the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that, although fatalities may result from intentional collisions between automobiles, such fatalities are infrequent and therefore unlawful deadly force should not be presumed to be the level of force applied in such incidents; the Adams case was subsequently called into question by These are two separate organizations with different purposes; militarization of the police is simply unnecessary. The senior soldier present directed his men to run to avoid the confrontation. Lineup Waiver of Rights. Journalize the seven entries that adjusted the accounts at June 30. The question for the individual soldier, Marine, or sailor remains as it was for U.S. forces in Vietnam, Beirut, Grenada, and Somalia: if a civilian whom I have been trained to respect and protect engages in acts that pose a direct threat of serious bodily harm or death, when may I use deadly force to protect myself? In 2019, the research-focused nonprofit National Police Foundation released a study of 1,006 police shootings at 47 departments over two years that found . Anonymous "Rules of Engagement in Today's Army" (condensed and edited), CNO Naval History - Midshipmen and Cadets, CNO Naval History - Professional Historian, The silhouette numbers illustrate the fact that rapid incapacitation of a threat can be expected only with a high velocity shot to the cranial vault or severance of the spinal column (10). Looking for weaons. A person with a knife, for instance, who is less than 21 feet away from an officer, can be just as deadly as someone with a firearm. Deadly Force Triangle. (1) Applies to OSD, the Military Departments, the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff, the Combatant Commands, National Guard personnel in Title 10 status, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, the DoD Field Activities, and all other organizational entities within He was awarded a medal for following his ROEs and exercising restraint. Use of force in defense of person; relief from criminal or civil liability. an order to halt, shall be given, if feasible, before a shot is fired. \textbf{Trial Balance}\\ Listed below are examples of how subjects are classified. Lethal Force (Triangle) - Carry Wisely If compliance is not achieved with any of the above means and the suspect is threatening the lives of the police officers or those around them, lethal force with a service weapon may be warranted, according to both Rivers and Haberfeld.. Haberfeld said the continuum encompasses anywhere between five and seven steps, but it's anything but an exact science for cops in real-world scenarios . l. All military and civilian personnel of the Navy and Marine Corps authorized under this instruction to carry firearms must receive annual firearms safety instruction, weapons qualification, sustainment training, and instruction regarding the use of deadly force required by references (a) through (e), as appropriate. In Bosnia, Serbs armed with nail-tipped clubs assaulted four U.S. soldiers. Deadly Force UNIT: Application of Force I. Some models split these techniques between empty hand, soft control and intermediate weapon techniques but only include 5 levels of the continuum. Personal weapons (pistols only) for U.S. military advisers in El Salvador were specified in a National Security Council meeting. \text{Equipment}&360,450&&360,450&\\ Donovan v. City of Milwaukee, 17 F.3d 944 (7th Cir. On 3 October 1993, Task Force Ranger engaged in a day-long battle with the forces of Somali warlord Mohammed Farrah Aidid. Timken Company specializes in the repair of music equipment and is owned and operated by Secilia Timken. Special operations forces are dispatched after two days of planning and coordination. The Constitution of the United States, not the U.N. Charter, applies in domestic operations. HW{PT?# Nbewa *AllKu]qXU0QdILmv:iL>&*,{^%)?-x}}99`8_xcI1aYRQ~y_Mrb<1 hSnAW4n Yb nq0cD7Y[UWU;2"GQ3~BFtSi5&V/N{0zciX\fr5+;cYBXmN!G+p,=yNK#amP)S '=`~oXD"ifntO=H~5&fh]lZ1WLvhX6l}Lh/oEmgcm,\LPa,d]kkbfcN-Z;{~axv;=6pjbBG^`f;(/s\ The Attack Triangle is closed, and I could use -- which would be level four or level five in that situation. Opportunity 2. The investigation develops evidence regarding the use of deadly physical force for a particular state or jurisdiction. Conclusions suggest that female officers may be more effective at diffusing tense situations.[21]. In a 1986 FBI gunfight, one assailant received a wound described by the medical examiner as "probably nonsurvivable" in the opening seconds. Each of the firm's machines can produce nnn units per hour. Department of Treasury (Secret Service) guidelines are similar. The Deadly Force Triangle: Ability --An attacker must possess the power to kill or inflict crippling injury on the innocent; Opportunity --An attacker must be capable of immediately employing that power in an attack. The FY 2024 budget request proposes a total of $11.4 billion in direct budget authority to carry out the FBI's national security, intelligence, criminal law enforcement . Firearms, bladed weapons, explosives, and vehicles are among those weapons the use of which is considered deadly force. In the Adams case, the officer rammed the suspect's vehicle. Derive a formula for the number of machines that should be used to keep total cost as low as possible. Flying Wedge. endstream endobj startxref 743 0 obj <>stream Use of force continuum - Wikipedia Reality eviscerated administration enthusiasm for Somalia operations, and U.S. troop withdrawal followed quickly.Chastened, the national leadership conceived the policy of "do no harm"meaning, harm no one, and let no one be harmedfor operations in which U.S. interests have been neither defined nor articulated. Evidence/Property Custody Receipt. The verbal command and the consequence must be legal and not considered excessive according to the continuum. Passive resistor a person who refuses to follow the verbal commands of the officer but does not resist attempts by officers to take positive physical control over them. US Army orders aviation safety stand down following deadly - CNN In Report to the National Institute of Justice: Use of force by police: Overview of national and local data (pp. Air Force widow convicted of murder punished for escape - WRAL.com PDF Use of Force The FPCON level at the stated destination: FPCOM Normal and alpha - The approval authority is the first O5 in the chain of command. Hard controls includes the use of tools such as hand-cuffs, while soft controls equates to empty hand above, describing techniques where the officer may engage a resisting detainee. A male attacker who goes after a female victim does not have to display a weapon in order to be a deadly threat. Learn faster with spaced repetition. This would include kicks, punches, stuns and use of aerosol sprays such as oleoresin capsicum (OC) pepper spray. As US Navy rethinks its fleet, Ingalls Shipbuilding faces uncertain future Before succumbing to this and other wounds, he killed two FBI agents and wounded five others, three seriously. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist once commented, "It does this court no good to write rules that run counterintuitive to a law enforcement officer's well-honed sense of survival." endstream endobj 526 0 obj <. Toes are pointed forward and the firing-side arm is extended while the supporting arm is bent. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. In You've read 1 out of 5 free articles of Proceedings this month. 6 strange military disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle [2] Early models were depicted in various formats, including graphs, semicircular "gauges", and linear progressions. Historically used with cavalry, the formation involves a mass of troops in a triangular wedge with the tip charging at the enemy. . I first learned of the 'triangle' many moons ago during military force protection training and the model has been unchanged (for me anyway) for several years now. \text{Accumulated Depreciation - Automobiles}&&54,750&&57,500\\ Lethal force/Deadly force a force with a high probability of causing death or serious bodily injury. NTTP 3-07.2.1 Ch 7 Questions and Answers I Hate CBT's 3.3. When de-escalating, hard controls (i.e. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. \text{Depreciation Expense - Automobiles}&-&&2,750&\\ Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000, United States. \text{Secilia Timken, Capital}&&394,020&&394,020\\ (back to article) 6. 1 of this section; or (ii) be escaping by use of a weapon or explosive or who otherwise indicates that he or she poses a significant threat of death or serious bodily harm to the protective force officer or others unless apprehended without delay. At the American-British-Canadian-Australian Army meeting at Sandhurst in May 2000, the United States was berated constantly for its "ninja turtle" (heavily armed and armored, cowering within its shell) approach to peace-support operations by senior British officers, who suggested that U.S. forces were ineffective as a result of leadership timidity. of deadlyforce use training scenariosand scenariodisplaythe of ability forceanddeadlyforce tousetheappropriateamountofforce in defend theforceusedtoago/nogostandard ew ForceistheamountofeffortrequiredbyaDefendertocompelcomplianceorovercome resistancetoprotectlifeorpropertybyanon-compliantsubject \text{Prepaid Insurance}&14,250&&2,700&\\ tqX)I)B>== 9. ROEs for U.S. forces on peace-support operations today place greater constraint on individual soldiers, sailors, airmen, and Marines than existed during the Vietnam War. Hard control Techniques/Aggressive response techniques the amount of force that has a probability of causing soft connective tissue damage or bone fractures or irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucus membranes. [4], While the specific progression of force varies considerably (especially the wide gap between empty hand control and deadly force) among different agencies and jurisdictions, one example of a general use of force continuum model cited in a U.S. government publication on use of force is shown below. Also, for some agencies the use of aerosol pepper spray and electronic control devices (TASER) may fall into the same category as take-downs, or the actual strikes. That deadly collision came just weeks after nine soldiers were killed when two HH-60 Black Hawk helicopters crashed during a nighttime training mission near Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the Army said. Intermediate weapons an amount of force that would have a high probability of causing soft connective tissue damage or bone fractures. The US police killing rate of Blacks is 2.86 times the US police killing rate of Whites. (4) Special nuclear material. Objective #1. The three sides of an equilateral triangle represent three factors: ability, opportunity, and jeopardy. Four agents were killed, as were six members of the Branch Davidian sect. The brigade commander calls the division G-3.5. It was to be and should only be used as a training aid, not as a basis for ROEs. One manufacturer lists a table at $200\$200$200 less 12%12\%12%. Most often the models are presented in "stair step" fashion, with each level of force matched by a corresponding level of subject resistance, although it is generally noted that an officer need not progress through each level before reaching the final level of force. Alpert and Dunham (1999) [19] show that police use of force is reactionary, initiated by suspect resisting arrest. LockA locked padlock S17551-17558, at 17558. endstream endobj startxref The FBI defines this as ability, opportunity, and jeopardy. (a) Deadly force means that force which a reasonable person would consider likely to cause death or serious bodily harm. The force factor: Measuring and assessing police use of force and suspect resistance. It consists of Capability, Opportunity, and Intent. On reaching the point where the soldier reported the threat, the special operations team finds his bullet-riddled, badly decomposed body, still clutching a hand mike to his ear, looking as if he were waiting for a response to whatever question he asked. \text{Miscellaneous Expense}&9,825&&9,825&\\ 0 U.S. law requires an investigation whenever a person causes another person's death, but the mechanism for such investigations can vary by state. \text{Accounts Payable}&&24,930&&26,000\\ Depending on the totality of the circumstances, a call/situation may require additional officers or on scene officers may request assistance in order to gain better control of the situation and ensure a more safe environment for all involved. The G-3 puts together a Power Point presentation for the division commander, laying out his options.6. Soft Control, PPCT Pressure Point Control Tactics, Control Tactics, techniques a level of force that has a low probability of causing soft connective tissue damage or bone fractures. ROEs a carrier battle group commander and his seniors would reject out of hand were imposed from higher level down through the chain of command without so much as a hiccup from the SEALs' intermediate commanders.3The Clinton administration began with two catastrophes. An investigation may be performed by a local or state police agency and also a civilian agency, such as a county prosecutor or State Attorney General. The purpose of the police is to ensure public safety and assist in emergency situations. \text{Taxes Expense}&8,175&&8,175&\\ As units in peace-support operations extend their footprint by sending out two-man teams, it could be argued that the term unit could be applied to them, resolving this concern. The defeat of the Iraqi Army in 1991, and the consummate destruction of the same in 2003 . Its use may be justified only under conditions of extreme necessity, when all lesser means have failed or cannot reasonably be employed. The U.S. Marine Corps had the Commandant's Red Team, iii the U.S. Army had the University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies . This was the policy followed in Vietnam, with success. Three Effective Tactical Formations Throughout History "Force protection is a responsibility, not a mission. The problem remains: the JCS SROE is a poor document for assisting an in-port ship commander or a ground force commander in informing individuals when they may use deadly force to protect themselves and others. Nancy Chartrand, a spokeswoman for Kansas City, Kansas, police, declined on Friday to speak about the investigation in the context of the department's use of force policies. TimkenCompanyTrialBalanceApril30,2016, DebitCreditDebitCreditCash38,25038,250AccountsReceivable109,500109,500Supplies11,2503,500PrepaidInsurance14,2502,700Equipment360,450360,450AccumulatedDepreciation-Equipment94,500107,000Automobiles360,450360,450AccumulatedDepreciation-Automobiles54,75057,500AccountsPayable24,93026,000SalariesPayable7,500UnearnedServiceFees18,0006,000SeciliaTimken,Capital394,020394,020SeciliaTimken,Drawing75,00075,000ServiceFeesEarned733,800745,800SalaryExpense516,900524,400RentExpense54,00054,000SuppliesExpense7,750DepreciationExpense-Equipment12,500DepreciationExpense-Automobiles2,750UtilitiesExpense12,90013,970TaxesExpense8,1758,175InsuranceExpense11,550MiscellaneousExpense9,8259,8251,320,0001,320,0001,343,8201,343,820\begin{array}{lrrrr} When deadly force reasonably appears to be necessary to prevent the commission of a serious offense against a person(s) in circumstances presenting an imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm (e.g. Military and DoD civilian lawyers have eschewed federal case law relating to law enforcement use of deadly force because of the natural (and correct) reluctance to involve the military in domestic law enforcement, failing to distinguish between applying it and using its resources for assistance. However, there is no all encompassing consensus about when an officer would always need to use force, nor is there any agreed upon method that can efficiently measure or predict specific types of force actions that one would deem reasonable before the time comes. The latter threat involves a threat of violence, bodily harm, and/or death. National Guard at Capitol Authorized to Use Lethal Force in Aftermath 2 Times it's Appropriate to Draw your Weapon: 1- If Deadly Force is AUTHORIZED 2- There is a reasonable possibility that the use of Deadly Force may be Required. :F /Lz The shooter employs a "push-pull" grip by pushing with the firing arm and pulling back with the supporting arm. \text{Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment}&&94,500&&107,000\\ The JCS SROE provides no answer. [3], Although the use of force continuum is used primarily as a training tool for law enforcement officers, it is also valuable with civilians, such as in criminal trials or hearings by police review boards. During the Reagan administration, Marines in Beirut were subjected to ROE tampering at all levels, contributing to the deaths on 23 October 1983 of 241 service personnel in the Marine barracks bombing. (1996). For example, depending on how many people are at the scene with the officer, a larger presence may be required. A senior official in the Carter administration sought to require the forces executing the ill-fated April 1980 Iranian rescue mission to shoot to wound. 05-1631 (April 30, 2007)., the U.S. Supreme Court held that a police officer's attempt to terminate a dangerous high-speed car chase that threatened the lives of innocent bystanders did not violate the Fourth Amendment, even when it places the fleeing motorist at risk of serious bodily injury or death. %%EOF Following his rules of engagement, the soldier radios his platoon sergeant for permission to fire.2. Improving Deadly Force Decision Making | Office of Justice Programs (back to article) 3. Common law allowed officers to use any force necessary to effect a felony arrest, but this was narrowed in the Tennessee v. Garner ruling in 1985 when the U.S. Supreme Court said that "deadly forcemay not be used unless necessary to prevent the escape, and the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious bodily harm to the officer or others. NAVY - SECNAV 5500.29C - (N09N) USE OF DEADLY FORCE AND - GlobalSpec Deadly force shall be used only as set forth in enclosure 2. A firearm is the most widely recognized lethal or deadly force weapon, however, an automobile or weapon of opportunity could also be defined as a deadly force utility. 724 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4164858433DB3541B8FA2538E96EAF14>]/Index[703 41]/Info 702 0 R/Length 98/Prev 219841/Root 704 0 R/Size 744/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream A critical analysis of the SEAL Team Two and Four ROE and missions is contained in LCdr. CNN.com - Transcripts \text{Supplies Expense}&-&&7,750&\\ Join now and never hit a limit. [4] The US police killing rate is 3.05 police killings per million of population. endstream endobj 202 0 obj <> endobj 203 0 obj <> endobj 204 0 obj <>stream Post Shooting Procedures And Reporting Requirements Law Enforcement Equipment Questioning Individuals During Boardings Tactical Procedures Hostage Situation Hazardous Situations In Confined Spaces Found Weapons Statement Writing Radiation Detection Key Links Pricing Nobody aboard answered radio calls. Agencies often have policies limiting the force used to be equal or one step higher on the continuum relative to the force they are opposing. (3) Nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) adopted the Worldwide Peacetime Rules of Engagement for Seaborne Forces in 1981, their primary purpose being to protect carrier battle groups from a preemptive strike by the Soviet Navy.During his tenure as Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Command, Admiral William J. Crowe Jr. directed that the Joint Chiefs' ROEs apply to all Pacific Fleet forces, including ground forces. This was altered from the earlier definition that stated "a government may establish" to emphasize the responsibility of the combatant commander and (in theory) to eliminate the Vietnam-era perception that all ROEs come from the National Command Authority. B-34. %PDF-1.2 The platoon sergeant responds, "Wait one," and calls the platoon leader.3. Intel Owns Red: How Red Teaming Can Prepare the Fleet for the Fight Harris v Coweta County, 406 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 5580/22. permanent acceptance into the country, granted by US govt, refugee-granted by CO, protect refugees from political or social persecution or war and natural disaster, (EXW) 106 Command, Control, Communications an, Navy Expeditionary Warfare (EXW) Common Core, Claudia Bienias Gilbertson, Debra Gentene, Mark W Lehman, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, LOGISTICS SPECIALIST (LS) TRAINING MANUAL NAV. Which is the better deal? When can you Use Deadly Force? - The Shooter's Log On 28 February 1993, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms agents launched a raid on the Mount Carmel Center, near Waco, Texas. The use of deadly force by law enforcement is also lawful when used to prevent the escape of a fleeing felon when the officer believes escape would pose a significant threat of serious bodily injury or death to members of the public. Patrol Study Guide Flashcards | Chegg.com hko?/G6Z:)n\}paDpI0*Oc@C&:1$(H,BV:FEumD'Ueaatsec8ZMtF&[IJ~i){,F8kfpe|K%tC:pfaZI1jk:5N2:YPdi=\Jg&/v&`XHXWUPU_8q^(aApS1t?^FqU,6+U5T[]Q8*W!h7\PV-VU*rQ-rErT6~=xED%S.isv$BexwVvH'V*W~x_?c3Fun.|'t"?_#'g.I_c{{_``vn(@mG,5 _.>w/U0*]{xqe{z=kk_T^}- Love's Deadly Triangle: The Texas Cadet Murder TV Movie 1997 TV-14 1h 33m IMDb RATING 6.2 /10 769 YOUR RATING Rate Drama Diane and David love each other, but when they go to separate army academies, David has an affair. As they began to run, the senior soldier was struck in the back by a club. 2544),U.S. Department of Justice,Washington, DC, Alpert, G.P.,Dunham, R. (1999). hbbd``b` This training strategy integrates classroom instruction on policies and decisionmaking models with open motor skill training to enable officers to apply their knowledge in dynamic, stressful situations that approximate real life. Reference: NTTP 3-07.2.1 Pg 8-6 4 of 25 Within the deadly force triangle, which of the following situations does NOT constitute Capability? This continuum may be useful in basic law enforcement education, or for military police responding to a dispute at the Burger King at Camp Lejeune, but it is highly academic and unrealistic. In Bosnia, Special Forces personnel were threatened by a heavily armed mob. Captain Frank 'Marty' Theer, US Air Force, was murdered on December 17, 2000 in Fayetteville, North Carolina. (back to article) 5. Deadly Force Triangle Definitions Flashcards | Quizlet endstream endobj startxref With one exception, military lawyers have ignored this valuable resource.5Lacking a reference point, judge advocates have grasped for straws. 79-82. It takes a combination of mental and physical toughness because it's up . It has not been followed, however, with respect to small-unit and individual self-defense in current operations.Experience in Operations Just Cause (Panama, 1989-90) and Desert Shield and Storm (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Kuwait, 1990-91) made it clear that ground force ROEs needed improvement, particularly with respect to assisting small-unit leaders and individual soldiers, Marines, or sailors in determining when deadly force is authorized. hb```f``2a`e``kbf@ a( #*8 4|> tNEyy4%LF5ZW a I?0ngP{{.{m ;Mc>JnI3^%SjeV36\SL[[,eEot,`1Wv]wh5r4{CV[!FAL3`H]b:JO)P{ *qCno `vNq``,@P QH 19;8Nds+($P-C8*1fHs8=33$]!4w"Y$;}_ h rH3q/f2Q ) ^RtjH7AK#OG-vgq8hzyAtAI|L3{#9^x=0J}~%p3Hh[pb orNA[RU/ Lgu,nJj2z$gB+\&!%Usy}HVmH+;BUlU%{L"pY2h45LnYyU^5z{1mvM{!!W Nt A lock ( A ground forces annex was prepared hastily, but it consisted primarily of law of war principles, such as "do not murder prisoners of war" or "looting is prohibited," rather than ROEs.Following the 17 May 1987 Exocet missile attack on the USS Stark (FFG-31) by an Iraqi F-1 Mirage fighter, the JCS rules of engagement were repromulgated. Following several days of failed negotiations and threats to kill the hostages, a SWAT team assaulted the hostage site, killing the murderer, who was shot 27 times. Police Officer Jones Shooting Research Paper . \text{Utilities Expense}&12,900&&13,970&\\ \text{Salary Expense}&516,900&&524,400&\\ Learn how and when to remove this template message, Friedrich Glasl's model of conflict escalation, "Use of Force, Security Guards, use of force, Chris McGoey, security guards expert", "The Use of Force Paradigm for Enforcement and Corrections", "Escalation of Force - Non-Lethal Effects", "Measuring the Amount of Force Used By and Against the Police in Six Jurisdictions", "Setting the record straight on force continuums", Law Enforcement Police Integrity - United States Department of Justice, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Use_of_force_continuum&oldid=1120400436, Articles with limited geographic scope from May 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. However, these situations can become complicated if the threat is not perceived as 'genuine', or if the suspect is in a location in which the use of deadly force to subdue the suspect may place other innocent bystander lives in danger [6]. 223 0 obj <>stream A use of force continuum is a standard that provides law enforcement officers and civilians with guidelines as to how much force may be used against a resisting subject in a given situation. This ignores the Navy Special Warfare community and its missions. The current JCS SROEor, if necessary, a new JCS document prepared by designated Navy Special Warfare and Army and Marine Corps infantry representativesshould begin with a similar premise.U.S. (b) Additional Considerations Involving Firearms. Thus, our statutory standards for using deadly force seem to parallel the federal constitutional The Naval Hunters hiking through the hills and people concealed carrying in the cities all have two parts of the deadly force triangle. Standing out of range, Indy draws his pistol and disposes of the threatan act consistent with U.S. law. K d2`wHVD wQe@No @O \end{array} Riksheim, E. C., & Chermak, S. M. (1993). 543 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<1F11FE260ACA7A4281EADCEAEC348BBA><7689061C522F2B4AA6BC5260164AB33B>]/Index[525 32]/Info 524 0 R/Length 94/Prev 436949/Root 526 0 R/Size 557/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream