2023 Jan 26;15:997054. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.997054. Beware that milk thistle can worsen depression, it doesn't act the same on everybody. Osteoporosis is a disease caused by progressive bone loss. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties mean that it is possibly neuroprotective and could help prevent the decline in brain function you experience as you age (14, 15). 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Research on milk thistle use for specific conditions shows: Milk thistle might play a role in treating certain liver conditions. New Treatments That May Change the Game, The Latest Research on Advanced Prostate Cancer. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease. When looking at Milk Thistle itself (prior to any extraction), the fruits or thistles contain: Silymarin at 1.5-3% of dry weight (to be elucidated later) [2] Silyhermin and both Neosilyhermin A and B [2]; Protein and Mucilage (taking up 25-30% of the herb by dry weight) [2] Quercetin and the dihydro varient known as Taxifolin [2]; Kaempferol, Dihydrokaempferol, and the 7-glucoside and 3 . Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. If left untreated, anaphylaxis can lead to shock, coma, cardiac or respiratory failure, or even death. Silybin suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, The natural agonist of estrogen receptor silibinin plays an immunosuppressive role representing a potential therapeutic tool in rheumatoid arthritis, Safety and toxicity of silymarin, the major constituent of milk thistle extract: An updated review, Silybin and the liver: from basic research to clinical practice, Effect of curcumin supplementation on disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial, Effects of vitamin E on chronic hepatitis C genotype 3: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Resveratrol for the management of diabetes and its downstream pathologies. 2014;11(2):167-74. doi:10.1900/RDS.2014.11.167, Rambaldi A, Jacobs BP, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases. In fact, it has traditionally been used to treat liver and gallbladder disorders, promote breast milk production, prevent and treat cancer and even protect the liver from snake bites, alcohol and other environmental poisons. Front Immunol. Phytother Res. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Apr 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 17 Apr 2023), ASHP (updated 10 Apr 2023) and others. Eighteen clinical trials of 1,088 participants were assessed. Accessed at naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com on April 1, 2020. It can be consumed in supplement form or as a tea. 8600 Rockville Pike Milk thistle has long been utilized as an anti-inflammatory agent offering numerous benefits to our liver, cholesterol, cardiovascular health, menopause symptom relief, and even gallbladder disorders. Can You Get Milk Thistle Naturally From Foods? Psoriasis (Auckl). Generic name: milk thistle [MILK-THIH-sull] Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is said to have certain health benefits, including liver health, diabetes management, cancer treatment, and more. MeSH Feng N, Luo J, Guo X. Silybin suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. It can help prevent elevation of liver enzymes, which can be a side effect of the medication. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a systematic Cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Ask your doctor for advice. The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information onNCCIHand complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. Theres conflicting research on the benefits of milk thistle for liver health. Milk thistle extract has a high amount of silymarin (between 6580%) that has been concentrated from the milk thistle plant. privacy practices. Prasad RR, Paudel S, Raina K, Agarwal R. Silibinin and non-melanoma skin cancers. Silymarin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 2005;100(11):2583-91. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00262.x. The terms "milk thistle" and "silymarin" are often used interchangeably. Also notable is the fact that, of the 40 subjects that completed this trial, none had any adverse events or side effects with milk thistle supplementation (7). Milk thistle may have been combined with other plants or extracts in a specific preparation to treat these conditions. Salmi, H. and Sarna, S. Effect of silymarin on chemical, functional, and morphological alterations of the liver. Summary The active ingredients in milk thistle have been shown in animals to improve the effects of some cancer treatments. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. "It helps to clear out the toxins and nourish the organ," says Justice. Its been suggested that the antioxidant effects of silymarin may have some anticancer effects, which could be helpful for people receiving cancer treatment (9). This content does not have an Arabic version. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on It is possibly effective in diabetes and indigestion (). metabolic syndrome, depression, cardiovascular diseases and thalassemia, in addition to its photoprotective activity in in vitro tests and preclinical studies. Seeff, L.; Curto, T.; Szabo, G. et al. Silymarin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Milk thistle has been used in alternative medicine as a possibly effective aid in treating heartburn, or seasonal allergy symptoms. For example, in one study, researchers investigated the mood elevating effects of silymarin, a collection of phytochemicals extracted from milk thistle. Experts believe silymarin is the primary active ingredient of the herb. Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, The 10 Best Herbs for Liver Health: Benefits and Precautions, How to Get Rid of Acne: 14 Home Remedies for Pimples. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. Milk thistle. Its been discovered that one of the compounds in milk thistle may work similarly to some diabetic medications by helping improve insulin sensitivity and decrease blood sugar (43). 2016;5147468. doi:10.1155/2016/5147468. 1. https://iocdf.org/about-ocd/ocd-treatment/meds/, International OCD Foundation, Medications for OCD, By By Michael Jenike, MD, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 2. https://theoakstreatment.com/blog/ocd-facts-and-statistics/, The Oaks Treatment, OCD Facts and Statistics, Published June 18, 2018, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 3. https://www.psycom.net/ocd-medication-guide/, Psycom.net, OCD Medication Guide, By Kathleen Smith, PhD, Last Updated September 21, 2018, 4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564545, Phtotherapy Research, Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future, Published October 24, 2010, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 5. https://www.drugs.com/npp/milk-thistle.html, Drugs.com, Milk Thistle, Last updated on Mar 1, 2019, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 6. https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-benefits-of-milk-thistle-88325, VeryWellHealth.com, The Benefits of Milk Thistle, By Kathee Wong, Updated March 08, 2019, Retrieved May 5, 2019, 7. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0944711315000227, Phytomedicine, Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Scan J Gastroenterol. It is possible to take too much, and liver toxicity has been observed in people with cancer taking silybin at very high doses (10 to 20 grams per day). To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which 2018;8:65-74. doi:10.2147/PTT.S169333. https://www.wolterskluwercdi.com/facts-comparisons-online/. Era of Hope Meeting for the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program, Atlanta, June 8-11, 2000. These include: Summary Milk thistle is generally considered safe. Before This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. Matutino Santos P, Pereira Campos G, Nascimento C. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. Milk thistle is an herbal remedy derived from the milk thistle plant, also known as Silybum marianum. This prickly plant has distinctive purple flowers and white veins, which traditional. Milk thistle is a plant also known as Artichaut Sauvage, Cardo Lechoso, Cardui Mariae, Carduus marianus, Chardon Argent, Chardon de Marie, pine Blanche, Holy Thistle, Lady's Thistle, Lait de Notre-Dame, Legalon, Marian Thistle, Mariendistel, Mary Thistle, Shui Fei Ji, Silibinin, Silybe de Marie, Silybum, Silymarin, and other names. As a result, researchers suggest that milk thistle may be a useful therapy for preventing or delaying bone loss in postmenopausal women (24, 25). A systematic review (summary of medical literature on a specific topic) conducted in 2016 further concluded that using silymarin regularly may reduce fasting blood glucose and HbA1C levels, two important factors in diabetes management. Some people are advised to be cautious when taking milk thistle. Studies have shown a decrease in blood sugar levels and an improvement in cholesterol in. Milk thistle. Milk thistle. 2015;26(5):475486. While the cost of most OCD medications currently available on the market is actually quite reasonable, the common side effects that occur are definitely not. Milk thistle seems to have few side effects, even when taken for several years. The benefits of milk thistle can be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Although some studies have shown positive results on milk thistle for people with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the overall research does not show a benefit. Although rare, milk thistle may trigger a number of common and mild side effects. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. Careers. The silymarin extracted from milk thistle is known to have antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties (2, 3, 4). Milk thistle is a flowering herb native to Europe but is also found in parts of the United States, Australia, Asia, Africa, and South America. Depression and anxiety are associated with increased risk of developing AD. Its resources include publications (such as Dietary Supplements: What You Need To Know) and fact sheets on a variety of specific supplement ingredients and products (such as vitamin D and multivitamin/mineral supplements). 2008;47(2):605-12. doi:10.1002/hep.22044, Fried MW, Navarro VJ, Afdhal N, et al. Its thought to work by making more of the milk-producing hormone prolactin. Suzanne Fisher, RD, founder of Fisher Nutrition Systems, has been a board-certified registered dietitian and licensed nutritionist for over 30 years. Milk thistle may interact with certain medications and supplements. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center: About Herbs: Milk thistle., Natural Standard Patient Monograph: Milk thistle.. Clinical practice shows that milk thistle has a good anti-liver injury effect and can be used to prevent anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. The active ingredients in milk thistle are a group of plant compounds collectively known as silymarin (1). Milk thistle may lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Zargani M, Ramirez-Campillo R, Arabzadeh E. Pflugers Arch. Well go over some of its most well-known benefits, Many people are interested in herbal supplements to support their liver health. Silibinin-treatment up-regulated the function through BDNF/TrkB pathway and attenuated autophagy in the hippocampus. Studies on cancer cell lines (done in the laboratory) have found that elements in milk thistle: Researchers also are looking at how milk thistle might complement traditional care and treatment in people diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancers. Dupuis ML, Conti F, Maselli A, et al. In 2010, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the effects of milk thistle to the antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) in treating OCD (600 milligrams of milk thistle vs 30 milligrams of Prozac daily). A study from 2012 confirmed that milk thistle might not have true beneficial effects on hepatitis C. In the study, patients who took silymarin, an active component of milk thistle, daily for 24 weeks had no significant improvements in liver enzymes or other measures compared to those who took the placebo. Historically, people have used milk thistle for liver disorders and gallbladder problems. Effect of silymarin on biochemical indicators in patients with liver disease: systematic review with meta-analysis. Milk thistle is found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Since milk thistle may lower blood sugar, people with diabetes should check with their doctor before taking the herb as it may make their blood sugar fall too low. Its unclear what benefits, if any, it may have in the body, but its sometimes used as a natural treatment for things including cirrhosis, jaundice, hepatitis, and gallbladder disorders. The benefits of milk thistle remain unclear for this purpose and the limited research on milk thistle and breast milk has been done primarily in animals. It is not known whether milk thistle passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners. If you choose to use milk thistle, use it as directed on the package or as directed by your doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. Additionally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of milk thistle may also be useful for reducing the risk of developing diabetic complications like kidney disease (43). Anticancer Drugs. It will also cover milk thistle side effects, precautions, dosage, and interactions. Milk thistle products appear to help the skin heal from damage caused by UVB radiation from the sun and may offer benefits in preventing non-melanoma skin cancers. Milk thistle (PDQ): Health Professional Version. and depression. Similar supplements to milk thistle include: Please talk with your healthcare provider about the best supplement for you. Call 911 or seek help right away if you experience severe side effects from taking milk thistle. Milk thistle is a popular herbal remedy that has been used for its therapeutic effects for centuries. Milk thistle is promoted as a dietary supplement for hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, diabetes, indigestion, and other conditions. One study questioned the benefits of milk thistle for liver diseases. However, there are currently no human studies, so its effectiveness remains unclear. You should not use this product if you are allergic to milk thistle or if you have: past or present cancer of the breast, uterus, or ovary; or. Call our friendly customer service team at 1-800-569-4994 Weekdays 9am-12:30pm and 1:30pm-5pm EST, Get health news, exclusive offers, and more. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Bookmark the permalink. Rambaldi, A.; Jacobs, B.; Iaquinto G, Gluud C. Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases--a systematic Cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help FOIA Milk thistle can cause: Gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting and abdominal bloating Itchiness Headache If you have diabetes, use milk thistle with caution, since the supplement might lower blood sugar. However, as this is the only study, more high-quality research is needed. Also known as Silybum marianum, milk thistle is a perennial herb native to many continents and countries across the globe, including Southern Europe, Southern Russia, Asia Minor, Northern Africa, and the Americas. Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Do not take milk thistle without medical advice if you are using a medication to treat any of the following conditions: any type of infection (including HIV, malaria, or tuberculosis); arthritis pain, occasional pain, or tension headaches (including Advil, Motrin, or Celebrex); heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or a heart condition; psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune disorders; This list is not complete.
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